States and territories of India
India is a federal union of states[1] comprising twenty-eight states and seven union territories. The states and territories are further subdivided into districts and so on.[1]
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List of states and territories
| # | Name | Pop | Capital | Largest city (if not capital) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Andhra Pradesh | 76,210,007 | Hyderabad | |
| 2 | Arunachal Pradesh | 1,091,120 | Itanagar | |
| 3 | Assam | 26,655,528 | Dispur | Guwahati |
| 4 | Bihar | 26,655,528 | Patna | |
| 5 | Chhattisgarh | 20,795,956 | Raipur | |
| 6 | Goa | 1,400,000 | Panaji | Vasco da Gama |
| 7 | Gujarat | 50,671,017 | Gandhinagar | Ahmedabad |
| 8 | Haryana | 21,082,989 | Chandigarh (shared) | Faridabad |
| 9 | Himachal Pradesh | 6,077,900 | Shimla | |
| 10 | Jammu and Kashmir | 10,143,700 | Srinagar (summer) Jammu (winter) |
|
| 11 | Jharkhand | 26,909,428 | Ranchi | Jamshedpur |
| 12 | Karnataka | 52,850,562 | Bangalore | |
| 13 | Kerala | 31,841,374 | Thiruvananthapuram | Kochi |
| 14 | Madhya Pradesh | 60,385,118 | Bhopal | Indore |
| 15 | Maharashtra | 96,752,247 | Mumbai | |
| 16 | Manipur | 2,388,634 | Imphal | |
| 17 | Meghalaya | 2,306,069 | Shillong | |
| 18 | Mizoram | 888,573 | Aizawl | |
| 19 | Nagaland | 1,988,636 | Kohima | Dimapur |
| 20 | Orissa | 36,706,920 | Bhubaneswar | |
| 21 | Punjab | 24,289,296 | Chandigarh (shared) | Ludhiana |
| 22 | Rajasthan | 56,473,122 | Jaipur | |
| 23 | Sikkim | 540,493 | Gangtok | |
| 24 | Tamil Nadu | 66,396,000 | Chennai | |
| 25 | Tripura | 3,199,203 | Agartala | |
| 26 | Uttar Pradesh | 190,891,000 | Lucknow | Kanpur |
| 27 | Uttarakhand | 8,479,562 | Dehradun (interim) | |
| 28 | West Bengal | 80,221,171 | Kolkata |
| # | Name | Pop | Capital | Largest city |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | Andaman and Nicobar Islands | 356,152 | Port Blair | |
| B | Chandigarh | 900,635 | Chandigarh | |
| C | Dadra and Nagar Haveli | 220,451 | Silvassa | |
| D | Daman and Diu | 220,451 | Daman | |
| E | Lakshadweep | 60,595 | Kavaratti | Andrott |
| F | National Capital Territory of Delhi | 13,782,976 | Delhi | |
| G | Puducherry | 973,829 | Puducherry |
Responsibilities and authorities of the states compared to the national government
The Constitution of India distributes the sovereign powers exercisable with respect to the territory of any State between the Union and that State. "Article 73 broadly stated, provides that the executive power of the Union shall extend to the matters with respect to which Parliament has power to make laws. Article 162 similarly provides that the executive power of a State shall extend to the matters with respect to which the Legislature of a State has power to make laws. The Supreme Court has reiterated this position when it ruled in Ramanaiah case that the executive power of the Union or of the State broadly speaking, is coextensive and coterminous with its respective legislative power." (italics in original)[2]
History
Pre-1956
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The subcontinent of India has been ruled by many different ethnic groups throughout its history, each imposing their own administrative divisions on the region. Modern India's current administrative divisions are fairly recent developments, which began to develop during British occupation of India. British India included almost all of present-day India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. During this period, regions of India were either directly ruled by the British or as Princely States ruled by local rajas. Independence in 1947 largely preserved these divisions, with the provinces of Punjab and Bengal being divided between India and Pakistan. One of the first challenges for the new nation was the integration of the multitude of princely states into the union.
Following independence, however, instability soon arose in India. Many of the provinces had been created by the British to serve their colonial purposes and as such did not reflect either the will of India's citizens or the ethnic divisions found throughout the subcontinent. Ethnic tensions spurred the Indian Parliament to reorganize the country along ethnic and linguistic lines in 1956 by means of the States Reorganisation Act.
After 1956
The former French and Portuguese colonies in India were incorporated into the Republic as the union territories of Puducherry, Dadra, Nagar Haveli, Goa, Daman, and Diu in 1962.
Several new states and union territories have been created out of existing states since 1956. Bombay State was split into the linguistic states of Gujarat and Maharashtra on 1 May 1960 [3] by the Bombay Reorganization Act. Nagaland was made a state on 1 December 1963.[4] The Punjab Reorganization Act of 1966 divided the Punjab along linguistic lines, creating a new Hindi-speaking state of Haryana on 1 November,[5] transferring the northern districts of Punjab to Himachal Pradesh, and designating Chandigarh, the shared capital of Punjab and Haryana, a union territory.
Statehood was conferred upon Himachal Pradesh.[6] on 25 January 1971, Manipur, Meghalaya and Tripura[7] on 21 January 1972 The Kingdom of Sikkim joined the Indian Union as a state on 26 April 1975.[8] In 1987, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram became states on 20 February, followed by Goa on 30 May, while Goa's northern exclaves of Daman and Diu became a separate union territory.[9]
In 2000 three new states were created; Chhattisgarh (1 November 2000) was created out of eastern Madhya Pradesh, Uttaranchal (9 November 2000), since renamed Uttarakhand, was created out of the Hilly regions of northwest Uttar Pradesh, and Jharkhand (15 November 2000) was created out of the southern districts of Bihar. The Union Territories of Delhi and Puducherry have since been given the right to elect their own legislatures and they are now counted as small states
Late 2009
Ahead of the 2009 General Elections in India, all the major parties in Andhra Pradesh supported statehood for Telangana.
On 9 December 2009, 11:30 PM, Mr. P. Chidambaram, Union Minister of Home Affairs, on behalf of the Government of India, announced that a resolution in the Andhra Pradesh assembly for the creation of a separate Telangana state would be passed. Mr. Chidambaram also stated that the process for the formation of a separate Telangana state would be initiated. It was not clear if this initiation of the process meant discussion with everyone involved on how to divide the state or whether the division of the state was being officially announced. Leaders from Telangana were quick to interpret this as the division of the state.
As a result of this unilateral decision by the Government of India, several members of Andhra Pradesh's legislature submitted their resignations to protest the creation of the new state owing to the pressure from the people in their constituencies.[10] As of 11 December, at least 117 legislators and many Members of Parliament had resigned in protest of the Government's decision to carve out a new state of Telangana.[11]
Due to the unexpected turn of events, after the parties which promised support to the Telangana state formation on 7 December 2009 in a unanimous all-party meeting at the State level, presided by CM, Rosaiah, and later the party members of these parties made a U-turn on their support bowing to the pressure from the people in their constituency following the 9 December statement (in support of Telangana state process initiation) , the federal government made another statement on 23 December to clarify its intention on the process that it would consult with all groups, political and non-political, before moving forward. It then formed the Justice Sri Krishna committee which has been touring the state consulting with different sections of the society. A report recommending a solution suitable to all constituents is expected to be submitted before Dec 31,2010.
See also
- Subdivisions of India
- List of states and union territories of India by population
- Emblems of Indian States
- Aspirant states of India
- Autonomous regions of India
- ISO 3166-2:IN
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "States and union territories". http://www.india.gov.in/knowindia/state_uts.php. Retrieved 2007-09-07.
- ↑ Territoriality of executive powers of states in India, Balwant Singh Malik, Constitutional Law, 1998.
- ↑ J.C. Aggarwal and S.P. Agrawal, editors, Uttarakhand: Past, Present, and Future (New Delhi: Concept Publishing, 1995), p89-90
- ↑ [1] Nagaland History & Geography-Source india.gov.in
- ↑ [2] The Punjab Reorganization Act of 1966
- ↑ [3] Statehood Himachal Pradesh
- ↑ [4] Snapshot of North Eastern States
- ↑ [5] Sikkim joins Indian Inion
- ↑ [6] Goa Chronology
- ↑ Press Trust of India (10 December 2009). "60 AP MLAs submit resignation to protest Telangana creation". Business Standard. http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/60-ap-mlas-submit-resignation-to-protest-telangana-creation/80453/on. Retrieved 10 December 2009.
- ↑ "Telangana: Shutdown in Andhra Pradesh, 117 legislators quit". Times of India. 11 December 2009. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Telangana-Shutdown-in-Andhra-Pradesh-117-legislators-quit/articleshow/5325650.cms. Retrieved 10 December 2009.
External links
- Official Government of India website: States and Union Territories
- Clickable map of India and History of States
- Article on sub-national governance in India
- Interactive Map of India
- Demand for new states in india
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